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IB Biology SL Practice Papers

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Official source: IB Biology curriculum

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Biology SL

16 topics34 outcomesLocal syllabus version: 2025

A.1 Molecules - Unity and diversity

2 outcomes

Open
  1. A1.1Water: properties of water, hydrogen bonding, solvent behavior, thermal properties, cohesion and adhesion in living systems
  2. A1.2Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA structure, nucleotides, base pairing, genetic code conservation and information storage

A.2 Cells - Unity and diversity

1 outcomes

Open
  1. A2.2Cell structure: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell structure, microscopy, organelles and compartmentalization

A.3 Organisms - Unity and diversity

1 outcomes

Open
  1. A3.1Diversity of organisms: species, taxonomy, domains, biodiversity and tools used to identify and classify organisms

A.4 Ecosystems - Unity and diversity

2 outcomes

Open
  1. A4.1Evolution and speciation: evidence for evolution, natural selection, convergent evolution and formation of new species
  2. A4.2Conservation of biodiversity: threats to biodiversity, conservation strategies, biodiversity indices and protected areas

B.1 Molecules - Form and function

2 outcomes

Open
  1. B1.1Carbohydrates and lipids: molecular structure, condensation and hydrolysis, energy storage and structural roles
  2. B1.2Proteins: amino acids, peptide bonding, levels of protein structure, enzymes and structure-function relationships

B.2 Cells - Form and function

3 outcomes

Open
  1. B2.1Membranes and membrane transport: phospholipid bilayers, membrane proteins, diffusion, osmosis, active transport and vesicle transport
  2. B2.2Organelles and compartmentalization: structure and function of eukaryotic organelles and advantages of internal membranes
  3. B2.3Cell specialization: differentiation, specialized cells, tissue organization and links between structure and function

B.3 Organisms - Form and function

2 outcomes

Open
  1. B3.1Gas exchange: adaptations of gas exchange surfaces and gas exchange in animals and plants
  2. B3.2Transport: circulatory systems, transport media, vessels, plant transport and movement of materials in organisms

B.4 Ecosystems - Form and function

2 outcomes

Open
  1. B4.1Adaptation to environment: habitats, abiotic factors, species distributions, biomes and adaptations to contrasting environments
  2. B4.2Ecological niches: roles of species in ecosystems, nutrition, competition, niche differentiation and interactions with habitats

C.1 Molecules - Interaction and interdependence

3 outcomes

Open
  1. C1.1Enzymes and metabolism: enzyme action, metabolic pathways, factors affecting enzyme activity and regulation of reactions
  2. C1.2Cell respiration: pathways for ATP production, anaerobic and aerobic respiration and links between respiration and energy transfer
  3. C1.3Photosynthesis: light absorption, carbon fixation, production of organic molecules and factors affecting photosynthetic rate

C.2 Cells - Interaction and interdependence

1 outcomes

Open
  1. C2.2Neural signalling: neuron structure, resting and action potentials, synaptic transmission and nervous system coordination

C.3 Organisms - Interaction and interdependence

2 outcomes

Open
  1. C3.1Integration of body systems: coordination between systems, hormonal and nervous regulation and maintenance of internal conditions
  2. C3.2Defence against disease: barriers, innate and adaptive immunity, pathogens, vaccination and immune responses

C.4 Ecosystems - Interaction and interdependence

2 outcomes

Open
  1. C4.1Populations and communities: population change, species interactions, community structure and ecological sampling
  2. C4.2Transfers of energy and matter: food chains and webs, productivity, nutrient cycles and movement of matter through ecosystems

D.1 Molecules - Continuity and change

3 outcomes

Open
  1. D1.1DNA replication: semi-conservative replication, complementary base pairing, polymerase activity and biotechnology applications
  2. D1.2Protein synthesis: transcription, translation, codons, tRNA, ribosomes and expression of genetic information
  3. D1.3Mutations and gene editing: gene mutations, effects on proteins, genetic variation and tools such as CRISPR-Cas systems

D.2 Cells - Continuity and change

2 outcomes

Open
  1. D2.1Cell and nuclear division: binary fission, mitosis, meiosis, chromosome behavior, cell cycles and cell division control
  2. D2.3Water potential: osmosis, solute potential, pressure potential and movement of water in plant and animal contexts

D.3 Organisms - Continuity and change

3 outcomes

Open
  1. D3.1Reproduction: asexual and sexual reproduction, gamete formation, fertilization and reproductive strategies
  2. D3.2Inheritance: Mendelian inheritance, genetic crosses, alleles, linkage, sex linkage and patterns of inheritance
  3. D3.3Homeostasis: negative feedback, regulation of internal conditions and examples such as glucose and temperature control

D.4 Ecosystems - Continuity and change

3 outcomes

Open
  1. D4.1Natural selection: variation, selection pressures, differential survival and reproduction, and allele frequency change
  2. D4.2Sustainability and change: ecological stability, succession, human impacts, sustainable use of resources and ecosystem management
  3. D4.3Climate change: greenhouse gases, evidence for anthropogenic change, impacts on ecosystems and mitigation or adaptation strategies